BlogUpp! | the blog: Cross-Posting to Social Networks

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BlogUpp! | the blog: Cross-Posting to Social Networks

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The 802.11 MAC

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Gambar
O ne of the most important aspects of the 802.11 standard is the rules laid down for Media Access Control (MAC). Regardless of the physical layer 802.11 is implemented on (2.4-GHz ISM band, 5-GHz UNII band, and so on), the MAC rules stay the same. Distributed Coordination Function The 802.11 standard specifies two modes in which MAC can operate: contention free and contention based. In contention-based MAC, stations basically fight for access to the media. Similar to Ethernet, when a station wants to transmit first, it checks to see if another station is using the wire. In an Ethernet network, a station waits until the media is not in use and then transmits the packet. If another station transmits at the same time, it will detect the collision and randomly back off. This makes Ethernet a carrier sense multiple access/collision detection (CSMA/CD)–based algorithm.
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Wi-Fi vs. 802.11

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Wi-Fi is a subset of the 802.11 standard that is managed by the Wi-Fi Alliance. Because the 802.11 standard is so large, and the process required to update the standard can take awhile (it's run by a committee), nearly all of the major wireless equipment manufacturers decided they needed a smaller, more nimble group dedicated to maintaining interoperability among vendors. This resulted in the creation of the Wi-Fi Alliance. The Wi-Fi Alliance assures that all products with a Wi-Fi-certified logo work together. This way if any ambiguity in the 802.11 standard crops up, the Wi-Fi Alliance defines the "right thing" to do. It also allows vendors to implement important subsets of draft standards (standards that have not yet been ratified). The most well-known example of this is Wi-Fi Protected Access (WPA) or "draft" 802.11n equipment.
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WINDOWS DISCOVERY TOOLS

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Gambar
Most platforms have one or two popular scanning tools along with a handful of other less feature-filled applications available. Windows is no exception. The ubiquitous NetStumbler is by far the most popular scanning tool, and for the Windows user who wants monitor mode, AiroPeek is the usual solution. NetStumbler NetStumbler is by far the most popular scanning tool on Windows. While NetStumbler has a lot of unique features, it also has some drawbacks. It has GPS support, so it can record the location of an access point (AP), but it is not tightly integrated into mapping/ navigation software. Also, because it's an active scanner, it might not be able to find "hidden" APs, and it definitely will not be able to find the name of a hidden AP. Access points that are closed or hidden (your vendor may use different language) don't respond to broadcast probe requests. They also don't transmit their real name in beacons (they are set to null). A examination o...
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